Ethical AI, as perceived in Islam, emphasizes aligning technological advancements with principles of justice, fairness, and compassion. It underscores the importance of using AI for societal betterment while avoiding harm, in line with Islamic teachings on accountability and responsibility. Islamic ethics prioritize protecting privacy, dignity, and human rights, urging AI practitioners to respect these values in their work. Integrating Islamic principles into AI development ensures technology serves humanity with integrity and compassion.

Artificial intelligence (AI) represents a milestone in the evolution of computing, enabling machines to emulate human-like intelligence and problem-solving abilities. Initially conceptualized in the 1940s with the advent of digital computers, AI has since made significant strides, albeit with some limitations compared to human cognition.

At its core, AI encompasses tasks such as reasoning, understanding context, generalizing, and learning from past experiences. While computers excel in specific domains, achieving human-like flexibility across diverse contexts remains a challenge. Nevertheless, AI has demonstrated remarkable prowess in specialized tasks, rivaling human experts in fields like medical diagnosis, language translation, and image recognition.

Machine learning, a subset of AI, plays a pivotal role in enabling computers to learn from data and improve performance over time. By analyzing vast datasets, machine learning algorithms can identify patterns and make predictions without explicit programming. This capability underpins many AI applications, including recommendation systems, predictive analytics, and autonomous vehicles.

Neural networks, a fundamental component of machine learning, mimic the structure and function of the human brain. Comprising interconnected nodes (or neurons), neural networks process input data through layers of abstraction, extracting meaningful features and making informed decisions. Deep learning, a sophisticated form of neural networks, has revolutionized AI by enabling the analysis of complex, unstructured data such as images, audio, and text.

In today's interconnected world, AI permeates various aspects of daily life, from virtual assistants like Siri and Alexa to personalized recommendations on streaming platforms. In healthcare, AI aids in disease diagnosis and drug discovery, while in finance, it powers algorithmic trading and fraud detection systems. Moreover, AI-driven innovations in autonomous vehicles, robotics, and natural language processing continue to reshape industries and societies worldwide.

As AI continues to advance, ethical considerations surrounding its deployment become increasingly pertinent. Issues such as data privacy, algorithmic bias, and job displacement warrant careful scrutiny to ensure AI benefits humanity responsibly. By fostering collaboration between technologists, policymakers, and ethicists, we can harness the full potential of AI while mitigating its risks, paving the way for a more equitable and inclusive future.

In today's rapidly evolving technological landscape, the integration of Artificial Intelligence (AI) presents both promise and peril. Oliver Agha, a seasoned legal professional specializing in Islamic jurisprudence at Outer Temple Chambers in Dubai, UAE, provides a nuanced examination of the implications of AI within the framework of Islamic principles.

Agha begins by elucidating the foundational Islamic concept of employing intellect for constructive purposes, a principle deeply rooted in the Quranic teachings. He underscores the critical role of intellect in discerning between right and wrong, emphasizing that the pursuit of knowledge must be guided by ethical considerations.
Drawing from Islamic scripture, Agha highlights the Quranic warnings against the misuse of intellect, cautioning that unbridled pursuit of self-will can lead to moral decay. In this context, he posits that the deployment of AI must be guided by ethical frameworks to ensure it aligns with Islamic values and serves the betterment of society.

While acknowledging the vast potential of AI, particularly in fields such as medicine and research, Agha advocates for a cautious approach. He warns against the unchecked use of AI in sensitive areas like social scoring and biometric categorization, which may encroach upon individual rights and privacy.

Furthermore, Agha explores the potential role of AI in Islamic adjudications, suggesting that carefully calibrated AI assistants could aid in legal research and analysis. However, he stresses the importance of human oversight and accountability to ensure that AI-generated opinions are subjected to rigorous scrutiny by qualified jurists.

In the realm of Islamic finance, Agha sees AI as a powerful tool for innovation and research. However, he cautions that AI-generated financial products or opinions should not be accepted blindly but rather scrutinized by experts to ensure their compliance with Shariah principles.

In conclusion, Agha advocates for a balanced approach to integrating AI within Islamic precepts. While recognizing its potential benefits, he emphasizes the importance of ethical guidelines, human oversight, and adherence to Islamic values to mitigate potential risks and ensure that AI serves as a force for good in society.

The author is the Managing Director & CEO of National Bank Limited. He is a fellow member of the Institute of Cost & Management Accountants of Bangladesh (ICMAB) and the first Certified Sustainability Reporting Assurer (CSRA) in Bangladesh. He is also a post-graduate diploma from the Institute of Islamic Banking & Insurance (IIBI), United Kingdom.